How to measure a cylinder for a top end rebuild

How to properly measure a cylinder for a top end rebuild.  This applies to 2 and 4 stroke motorcycles.  With just a few simple specialty tools you can measure your cylinder and small end rod to evaluate if your parts are usable or need a trip to the machine shop.  These measurements MUST be done before installing a new top end or buying parts.  Proper clearance insures that you won't have a soft seize from a tight tolerance.